Why Rwanda is Called the “Land of a Thousand Hills”: Rwanda carries the nickname “Land of a Thousand Hills” for good reason. The country’s landscape is a breathtaking tapestry of rolling hills, steep valleys, and towering volcanoes. The name comes from the Kinyarwanda phrase “Igihugu cy’imisozi igihumbi,” meaning “the country of a thousand hills.” This unique geography shapes everything about Rwanda — its culture, its wildlife, and its remarkable appeal to travellers from around the world.
Rwanda’s Geography and Topography
Rwanda’s terrain sets it apart from most other African countries. The central and southern regions feature gently rolling hills that rise and dip across the landscape, creating a beautiful patchwork of green valleys and elevated ridges. However, the western part of the country is far more dramatic. Steep slopes and towering volcanic peaks rise sharply above the surrounding land, forming some of Africa’s most iconic scenery.
The Virunga Mountain range dominates the northwest. This collection of active and dormant volcanoes straddles the border between Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mount Karisimbi, the tallest of these peaks, rises to 4,507 metres above sea level. Alongside it stand Mount Bisoke and Mount Muhabura, all forming a natural highland sanctuary. Most importantly, these mountains shelter the endangered mountain gorilla — making Rwanda one of the world’s top gorilla trekking destinations.
Running through the western side of the country is the Congo-Nile Divide. This natural ridge separates two of Africa’s greatest river systems — the Nile to the east and the Congo to the west. The divide creates lush forests, deep valleys, and stunning highland scenery, making it one of the most ecologically rich corridors in East Africa.
Cultural and Agricultural Roots
Rwanda’s hills have shaped its people for centuries. Historically, communities adapted to the steep terrain by farming on terraced hillsides. These terraces prevented soil erosion and allowed farmers to cultivate crops such as maize, beans, and bananas, as well as commercial crops like coffee and tea. Today, terraced hillsides still define Rwanda’s rural landscape and reflect the resilience and ingenuity of its people.
The hills also created natural boundaries between communities, giving rise to distinct regional cultures and identities. Villages were often built on elevated land to protect against flooding, a tradition that continues in many parts of rural Rwanda.
What to Do on a Rwanda Safari with Anthill Safaris
Why Rwanda is Called the “Land of a Thousand Hills” Rwanda offers a wide range of safari activities that go far beyond gorilla trekking. At Anthill Safaris, we design experiences that bring you closer to Rwanda’s incredible wildlife, landscapes, and culture.
Gorilla Trekking in Volcanoes National Park
Gorilla trekking is the centrepiece of any Rwanda safari. Volcanoes National Park is the only place in Rwanda where you can trek mountain gorillas. Currently, 15 habituated gorilla families — including Kwitonda, Hirwa, Susa, and Umubano — are open to visitors. A maximum of eight people visit any single group per day, ensuring a low-impact and intimate experience.
Demand for gorilla permits is very high, especially during the peak season from June to September and December to January. Therefore, we strongly recommend booking your permits at least six months to a year in advance. At Anthill Safaris, we are accredited to check gorilla permit availability directly, and we handle all logistics — from permit booking to accommodation, vehicle hire, and driver-guide arrangements.
Chimpanzee Trekking in Nyungwe National Park
Chimpanzees share roughly 98% of human DNA, making a trek to see them one of the most moving wildlife encounters in Africa. Nyungwe National Park, headquartered at the Uwinka Visitor Centre, is home to habituated chimpanzee communities. You need a permit from the Rwanda Development Board to participate. Morning and afternoon trekking sessions are available, and the dense montane forest provides a spectacular backdrop.
Golden Monkey Trekking in Volcanoes National Park
Golden monkeys are among the world’s rarest primates. Volcanoes National Park is one of only two places where you can trek with habituated golden monkey groups. These charming, golden-coated primates live alongside other species such as blue monkeys, black-and-white colobus, and vervet monkeys, making each visit a rich primate experience.
Canopy Walk in Nyungwe National Park
For adventure seekers, the canopy walk in Nyungwe is unlike anything else in Rwanda. This 160-metre suspension bridge stretches 70 metres above the forest canopy, offering dizzying views of Nyungwe’s ancient treetops and the valleys below. It is not for those afraid of heights, but it is absolutely unforgettable.
Dian Fossey Grave Hike
Dian Fossey dedicated her life to protecting mountain gorillas before her tragic death in 1985. Hiking to her grave on the slopes of the Virunga Mountains is both a moving tribute and a meaningful adventure. The hike also supports ongoing research at the Karisoke Research Centre, helping to fund the gorilla conservation work she began.
Game Drives in Akagera National Park
Akagera National Park, in Rwanda’s east, offers classic savannah game viewing. Visitors regularly spot elephants, cape buffaloes, Burchell’s zebras, giraffes, and waterbucks. A boat ride on Lake Ihema stands out as the highlight of any visit to Akagera National Park. As you glide across the calm waters, you will spot hippos wallowing along the banks, crocodiles basking in the sun, and a wide variety of colourful water birds soaring overhead.
Rwanda Cultural Tours and Kigali City Tour
Rwanda’s culture is vibrant and welcoming. A cultural safari introduces you to traditional wood carvings, basketry, and the unique cow-dung art form known as Imigongo. The Intore dance performances, accompanied by deep drums and folk songs, are genuinely infectious. In Kigali, you can explore the city’s commercial energy, visit genocide memorials, and connect with Rwanda’s powerful story of resilience.
Plan Your Rwanda Safari with Anthill Safaris
Why Rwanda is Called the “Land of a Thousand Hills” Rwanda is a destination that stays with you long after you leave. Whether you are trekking with gorillas in volcanic forests, walking above the Nyungwe canopy, or watching the sun set over Lake Kivu, every moment is extraordinary. Contact Anthill Safaris today to start planning your Rwanda safari — we will handle every detail so you can focus on the experience.
